치마버섯(Schizophyllum commune)의 균사체 배양조건을 최적화하여 유효성분인 β-glucan의 생성을 극대화시키고자 하였다. 치마버섯 균사체 배양에서 탄소원과 질소원의 종류 및 농도를 검토한 결과, 배지조성은 glucose 5%(w/v), yeast extract 0.3%(w/v), malt extract 0.3%(w/v), KH₂PO₄ 0.05%(w/v), MgSO₄· 7H₂O 0.05%(w/v)가 최적이었다. 배양 조건은 pH 5.5, 28℃, 1 vvm, 300 rpm에서 균사체의 생육과 β-glucan의 생성이 가장 효과적이었다. 세포 외 β-glucan의 생성을 증가시키기 위해 초기 glucose의 첨가량을 3%로 낮추어 glucose에 의한 균사체 성장 저해작용을 최소화하는 한편, 배양이 70시간에 이르렀을 때에 glucose 3%, yeast extract 0.1%, malt extract 0.1%의 추가 배지를 첨가하여 배양함으로써 batch 배양에 의한 4.7 g/L의 β-glucan 생산에 비해 35%정도 향상된 7.3 g/L의 세포 외 β-glucan을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 균사체 내의 세포벽 β-glucan을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해 세포벽분해 효과가 있는 복합효소인 cellulase와 단백분해효소인 bromelain의 연속적인 효소반응으로 추출량이 3.0 g/L로 증가하여 균사체의 열수 추출에 의한 추출량인 0.4 g/L에 비해 약 7.5배의 추출 수율이 향상되었다.
치마버섯 β-glucan의 조건별 특성을 조사한 결과, 치마버섯 β-glucan 0.1%(w/v) 용해액 무게평균 분자량은 3,379,000 Da이고, 점도는 122 cps이었다. 점도는 농도가 증가할 수록 선형적으로 증가하여 1%(w/v) 용해액에서는 1800 cps로 측정되었다. β-glucan 0.1%(w/v) 용해액을 온도별 처리한 결과는 120℃에서 초기 점도의 20% 정도로 떨어졌고 20~100℃에서는 온도가 증가할 수록 약간의 감소가 이루어진 것으로 볼 때 열에 비교적 안정한 구조 인 것을 알 수 있었다. Ultrasonication 처리에서는 시간별로 점도와 분자량이 현격하게 감소하였고, gamma ray 처리에서도 흡수선량에 따라 일정한 폭의 감소가 이루어졌다.
Alternative Abstract
β-Glucan has been efficiently produced with high yield by the optimization of micelial liquid cultivation conditions oriented from schizophyllum commune Fries. The result which has investigated the type and a concentration of carbon source and nitrogen source from micelial cultivation, the optimal composition of medium for batch culture was 5%(w/v) of glucose as a carbon source, 0.3%(w/v) of yeast extract and 0.3%(w/v) of malt extract as a nitrogen source, 0.05%(w/v) of KH₂PO₄ and 0.05%(w/v) MgSO₄· 7H₂O, which had been the base medium for determination of other conditions. Cultivation condition was pH 5.5, 28℃, 1 vvm for aeration and 300 rpm for agitation. Due to maximize the production of extracellular β-glucan and to minimize the inhibition effect of glucose on the initial growth of mycelia, we have reduced the initial glucose feed to 3%(w/v) and added 3%(w/v) of glucose, 0.1%(w/v) of yeast extract and 0.1%(w/v) of malt extract, at the point of 70 hr from the initial feed. As feeding medium, β-glucan's productions increased 35% degree in 7.3 g/L compared with β-glucan's productions of 4.7 g/L from a batch cultivation. Moreover, the serial treatment of a cellulase and bromelain to the mycelia was effective for extraction of the cell wall bound β-glucan. The yield of β-glucan extraction by the enzyme treatment was 3.0 g/L, which was almost 7.5 times higher than 0.4 g/L by hot-water extraction.
The result which has investigated β-glucan's qualities as conditions, weight average molecular weight of 0.1%(w/v) β-glucan's solution was 3,379,000 Da and viscosity was 122 cps. According to increasing β-glucan's concentration viscosity increased in direct proportion, viscosity of 1%(w/v) β-glucan's solution measured 1800 cps. Viscosity of 0.1%(w/v) β-glucan's solution decreased 20% degree of intial viscosity in 120℃, according to increasing temperature from 20℃ to 100℃ viscosity decreased a little. We have known character of β-glucan from schizophyllum commune is relatively stable from heat.
The viscosity and molecular weight considerably fell in treatment of ultrasonication as hour and in treatment of gamma ray also decreased uniformly according to absorption