20세기 후반, 기존 상업시설에서의 단순 판매기능 외에 식음과 엔터테인먼트가 집적된 복합상업시설이 등장하였다. 과거와 차별화된 형태로써 도심형 엔터테인먼트 상업시설은 다양한 경험을 제공하는 생활공간의 개념으로 진화되고 있다.
엔터테인먼트의 본질은 ‘즐거움’으로 상업시설에서는 ‘경험을 통한 소비’, 즉 상업시설에서 볼거리와 재미있는 경험을 제공하여 오래 머물고 싶고, 즉흥적, 충동적인 구매를 유도하는 집객으로써의 역할을 한다.
이에 본 연구는 상업시설에서의 엔터테인먼트 구성요소들은 찾아 분석하고, 엔터테인먼트가 상업적 효과가 있는지 웨스턴돔, 코엑스몰, 신도림 테크노마트, 아이파크몰의 이용객들 대상으로 설문조사를 통해 상업시설의 선택, 이용행태, 이용결과를 조사하였다.
위의 과정을 통해 얻어진 연구결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 국내 수도권이 8개 상업시설-웨스턴돔, 라페스타, 코엑스몰, 센트럴시티, 강변 테크노마트, 신도림 테크노마트, 하이브랜드, 아이파크몰의 건축 유형을 분석하여 실외 가로형, 실내 가로형, 타워형, 다발형 4가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 각 건축 유형별 대표 사례(웨스턴돔, 코엑스몰, 신도림 테크노마트, 아이파크몰)를 선정하여 엔터테인먼트의 구성요소를 찾아 분석하였다.
둘째, 4곳의 상업시설을 대상으로 엔터테인먼트의 상업적 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 설문을 하였다. 설문결과 상업시설을 선택하는데 있어 배경엔터테인먼트, 목적엔터테인먼트, 충동엔터테인먼트 중 목적엔터테인먼트의 비율이 높게 나타났고, 이용객들의 상당수가 상업시설 방문 전 예상 체류시간, 지출금액, 이용시설 개수보다 실제 체류시간, 지출금액, 이용시설 개수가 많았다. 상업시설별 엔터테인먼트 만족도의 경우 웨스턴돔은 배경엔터테인먼트의 비율이 가장 높았지만, 나머지 세 곳은 상업시설 선택시 중요도와 마찬가지로 목적엔터테인먼트의 비율이 가장 높았다. 엔터테인먼트와 이용행태의 상관관계 분석결과 ‘배경엔터테인먼트-초과 체류시간’, ‘목적엔터테인먼트-초과 지출금액’은 상관계수 0.01수준(양쪽)에서 높은 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다.
본 연구는 상업시설의 상업적 효과인 집객, 체류, 소비와 배경엔터테인먼트, 목적엔터테인먼트, 충동엔터테인먼트를 조사?분석하고 상관관계를 찾아 향후 상업시설 개발시 상업시설의 목적에 따른 체계적인 엔터테인먼트의 계획을 함에 있어 기초자료 제공에 그 의의가 있다.
Alternative Abstract
Since mid-or late-20th century, the commercial spaces began to be 'complexes' in both terms of structure and functions, while evolving into diversified spaces owing to spread of diverse cultures via media, rapid and simultaneous distribution of trends, suc cess and popularity of the American-style commercial spaces.
In late-20th century when not only commodities but also time and space began to be consumed on a foil scale, people would be more interested in mental consumption activities. On the other hand, as the consumption-centered capitalism began to develop comprehensively, people would request for a new concept of commercial spaces wherei n they could enjoy their leisure life. Against such a background, the concept of the so -called U.E.C(Urban Entertainment Center) emerged.
U.E.C is a 'complex' characterized by such diverse facilities and functions extended from the simple retail consumption as dining, culture, entertainment and leports. In ad dition, U.E.C may well be a cultural and commercial complex equipped with a 'comme rcial environment' differentiated from the conventional commercial facilities, because it features its core issue or 'theme' and 'entertainment' element adapted to facilities and environment.
The purpose of this study was to review the concept of U.E.C theoretically and anal yze the major characteristics of the architectural planning using the concept and there by, set 'a framework of analysis', and thereby, samples domestic and foreign cases of the downtown commercial entertainment buildings using the concept to analyze the ch aracteristics and systematic mechanism of their designs.
The Concept of U.E.C were analyzed theoretically in the following ways focusing on its major architectural planning characteristics;
First, the characteristics of the mixed facilities form the U.E.C and their programs were analyzed;
Second, based on the architectural planning theories about human visual preception and cognitive behaviors, the characteristics of the space plans for the malls playing a mediating role in U.E.C were analyzed;
Third, the commercial environmental plans for U.E.C were analyzed in viwe of prod uction elements and device ones;
Using the 'framework of analysis' centered about the above three-fold analyses. the researcher sampled domestic and foreign downtown commercial buildings using the co ncept of U.E.C and thereby, analyzed their design approaches to determine their syste matic mechanisms. The results of this study can be summarized as fellows;
1) The core facilities of the downtown commercial entertainment buildings or the an chor tenants may be divided into various types depending on the facility mixes, while each anchor has its own hierarchical characteristics. Depending on such a hierarchy th e typology of each program is determined. while facilities and spaces are laid out in o verall terms.
2) The malls linking each facilities may be divided into main street, sub-street, sub -corridor and court, and each space has a proper scale(width and height) as a commer cial space to induce maximum synergy effects based on human visual perception and cognitive behaviors.
3) The commercial environment plans differentiating the downtown commercial ente rtainment buildings are based on production and mechanism elements, which each ele ment serves to determine the systematic characteristics of the space.
First of all, based on production elements, the researcher identified a imageneering system inferred from each phase of design beginning from initial setting of a theme, and then, determined a rapping system as mechanism element for construction of a co mmercial environment depending on changing themes and environments.
Today, the types of the downtown commercial entertainment buildings are more and more diversified, while continuing to evolve
Nevertheless, few preceding studies have approached the downtown commercial ent ertainment buildings from the perspective of their design methods and in association with specific architectural plans and commercial environment and particularly in terms of correlation between space design and entertainment design elements.
Thus, this study is deemed significant in that it has provided for some basic data u seful to development of the design methods for the downtown commercial entertainme nt buildings depending on their urban plannig mechanisms. Such an attempt is expect ed to provide for some directions for future studies which will research into the divers ely changing and evolving downtown commercial entertainment buildings depending o n the needs and demands of our age.